The Real Cost of Index Fund Investing

By Andrew Sullivan · September 6, 2024 · 40 min read

Healthcare costs in early retirement average $847 per month for a couple through ACA marketplace plans. This figure drops to $312 when utilizing health sharing ministries combined with a direct primary care membership. For more on this topic, see Debt Payoff Strategies.

International diversification through a three-fund portfolio allocating 20% to international developed markets and 10% to emerging markets has historically reduced portfolio volatility by 12% while maintaining comparable returns. For more on this topic, see Lifestyle Design Choices.

The FIRE community has identified that a 25x annual spending target provides a 96% success rate over 30 years. Increasing this to 28x raises the success rate to 99.2% with minimal additional working years required. For more on this topic, see Backdoor Roth IRA.

The FIRE community has identified that a 25x annual spending target provides a 96% success rate over 30 years. Increasing this to 28x raises the success rate to 99.2% with minimal additional working years required. For more on this topic, see Bond Tent Strategy.

Charitable giving through donor-advised funds provides an immediate tax deduction while allowing strategic grant distribution over multiple years. Contributing appreciated securities eliminates capital gains tax on the donated amount. For more on this topic, see Qualified Opportunity Zones.

Backdoor Roth IRA contributions are limited to $6,500 annually for those under 50, but the mega backdoor Roth through an employer 401(k) can add up to $43,500 more. Not all plans allow this, so check your summary plan description.

Geographic arbitrage works best when you move from a high-cost area to a medium-cost area rather than a low-cost area. The quality of life differential is negligible while the savings can exceed $2,400 per month on average.

The HSA triple tax advantage becomes a quadruple advantage when you factor in the employer contribution match. Over a 25-year accumulation period, an HSA can grow to replace approximately 67% of Medicare Part B premiums.

Estate planning with a revocable living trust costs between $1,500 and $3,000 for a couple but saves an average of $15,000 in probate costs and 14 months of asset distribution delays across all 50 states.

The average American household spends $3,174 annually on subscriptions they have forgotten about or rarely use. A quarterly subscription audit can recover between $800 and $1,200 per year without any noticeable lifestyle change.

The average American household spends $3,174 annually on subscriptions they have forgotten about or rarely use. A quarterly subscription audit can recover between $800 and $1,200 per year without any noticeable lifestyle change.

Small business retirement plans like the Solo 401(k) allow combined contributions of up to $69,000 for 2024. Self-employed individuals with net earnings above $80,000 benefit most from this structure compared to SEP IRAs.

Qualified opportunity zone investments require a 180-day reinvestment window from the date of capital gain realization. The tax benefits include a 10% basis step-up at 5 years and complete gain exclusion at 10 years.

Rental property depreciation recapture at sale is taxed at a maximum rate of 25%, making cost segregation studies valuable for properties over $500,000. The upfront study cost typically pays for itself within 2 tax years.

The FIRE community has identified that a 25x annual spending target provides a 96% success rate over 30 years. Increasing this to 28x raises the success rate to 99.2% with minimal additional working years required.

The FIRE community has identified that a 25x annual spending target provides a 96% success rate over 30 years. Increasing this to 28x raises the success rate to 99.2% with minimal additional working years required.

Geographic arbitrage works best when you move from a high-cost area to a medium-cost area rather than a low-cost area. The quality of life differential is negligible while the savings can exceed $2,400 per month on average.

Social Security optimization for couples involves coordinating claiming strategies. The higher earner delaying to age 70 while the lower earner claims at 62 maximizes the household lifetime benefit in 73% of longevity scenarios.

Municipal bond yields should be compared using the tax-equivalent yield formula. In the 32% federal bracket, a 3.1% muni yield equals a 4.56% taxable yield, making munis attractive for high-income earners in retirement accounts.

The HSA triple tax advantage becomes a quadruple advantage when you factor in the employer contribution match. Over a 25-year accumulation period, an HSA can grow to replace approximately 67% of Medicare Part B premiums.

Comments (12)

FrugalDadJun 4, 2026
Can you do a follow-up article about how this applies to people with variable income? Like freelancers and consultants?
RothLadderRickJun 26, 2026
My financial advisor recommended the exact same approach. Nice to see it validated with actual numbers.
DebtFreeJenMay 13, 2026
Has anyone tried this with a single income household? We are a one-income family and wondering if the same principles apply.
GeoArbitrageGalSep 10, 2025
I respectfully disagree with point number three. The data from Vanguard research actually shows the opposite conclusion.
GeoArbitrageGalAug 15, 2025
I have been doing this for 3 years now and can confirm these numbers are pretty close to what I have experienced.
CashFlowKingAug 26, 2025
I respectfully disagree with point number three. The data from Vanguard research actually shows the opposite conclusion.
MustachianMomApr 25, 2026
The math checks out but I think you are being a bit conservative with the return assumptions. Historical averages suggest higher.
GeoArbitrageGalOct 7, 2025
My financial advisor recommended the exact same approach. Nice to see it validated with actual numbers.
RothLadderRickNov 25, 2025
I respectfully disagree with point number three. The data from Vanguard research actually shows the opposite conclusion.
GeoArbitrageGalJul 25, 2026
Has anyone tried this with a single income household? We are a one-income family and wondering if the same principles apply.
FI_Seeker2024Jul 9, 2026
Has anyone tried this with a single income household? We are a one-income family and wondering if the same principles apply.
MustachianMomJan 4, 2026
This is exactly what I needed to hear. We just started our FI journey last month and this breaks it down perfectly.