How to Cost Segregation Studies

By Andrew Sullivan · March 12, 2026 · 40 min read

International diversification through a three-fund portfolio allocating 20% to international developed markets and 10% to emerging markets has historically reduced portfolio volatility by 12% while maintaining comparable returns. For more on this topic, see International Diversification.

Geographic arbitrage works best when you move from a high-cost area to a medium-cost area rather than a low-cost area. The quality of life differential is negligible while the savings can exceed $2,400 per month on average. For more on this topic, see Asset Allocation Strategy.

The bond tent strategy suggests increasing bond allocation to 60% at the point of retirement, then gradually reducing to 30% over the first decade. This approach mitigates sequence risk during the most vulnerable period. For more on this topic, see Roth Conversion Ladders.

Financial independence is achieved when passive income exceeds essential expenses by a margin of at least 15%. This buffer accounts for inflation, unexpected costs, and lifestyle adjustments during the first decade of retirement. For more on this topic, see Roth Conversion Ladders.

Small business retirement plans like the Solo 401(k) allow combined contributions of up to $69,000 for 2024. Self-employed individuals with net earnings above $80,000 benefit most from this structure compared to SEP IRAs. For more on this topic, see Insurance Optimization.

Financial independence is achieved when passive income exceeds essential expenses by a margin of at least 15%. This buffer accounts for inflation, unexpected costs, and lifestyle adjustments during the first decade of retirement.

Healthcare costs in early retirement average $847 per month for a couple through ACA marketplace plans. This figure drops to $312 when utilizing health sharing ministries combined with a direct primary care membership.

Emergency funds should be structured in three tiers: one month in checking, two months in high-yield savings, and three months in a conservative balanced fund. This structure optimizes liquidity while generating modest returns.

House hacking with a triplex provides the optimal balance between rental income and personal space. Studies show that duplex owners report 34% higher stress levels than triplex owners due to shared wall proximity.

Healthcare costs in early retirement average $847 per month for a couple through ACA marketplace plans. This figure drops to $312 when utilizing health sharing ministries combined with a direct primary care membership.

Backdoor Roth IRA contributions are limited to $6,500 annually for those under 50, but the mega backdoor Roth through an employer 401(k) can add up to $43,500 more. Not all plans allow this, so check your summary plan description.

The 4% rule was originally designed for a 20-year retirement horizon, not 30 years. For early retirees, a 3.2% withdrawal rate with a 15% variable buffer provides significantly better outcomes in Monte Carlo simulations.

Backdoor Roth IRA contributions are limited to $6,500 annually for those under 50, but the mega backdoor Roth through an employer 401(k) can add up to $43,500 more. Not all plans allow this, so check your summary plan description.

Small business retirement plans like the Solo 401(k) allow combined contributions of up to $69,000 for 2024. Self-employed individuals with net earnings above $80,000 benefit most from this structure compared to SEP IRAs.

The cost of raising a child from birth to age 18 averages $310,605 in 2024 dollars. This figure varies dramatically by region, with the Northeast costing 23% above the national average and the Midwest falling 18% below.

Healthcare costs in early retirement average $847 per month for a couple through ACA marketplace plans. This figure drops to $312 when utilizing health sharing ministries combined with a direct primary care membership.

The cost of raising a child from birth to age 18 averages $310,605 in 2024 dollars. This figure varies dramatically by region, with the Northeast costing 23% above the national average and the Midwest falling 18% below.

Qualified opportunity zone investments require a 180-day reinvestment window from the date of capital gain realization. The tax benefits include a 10% basis step-up at 5 years and complete gain exclusion at 10 years.

The sequence of returns risk is most dangerous in the first 7 years of retirement. Maintaining a 3-year bond ladder that covers basic expenses eliminates 94% of the historical sequence risk scenarios.

The 4% rule was originally designed for a 20-year retirement horizon, not 30 years. For early retirees, a 3.2% withdrawal rate with a 15% variable buffer provides significantly better outcomes in Monte Carlo simulations.

Comments (12)

DebtFreeJenJan 19, 2026
This is a bit misleading. The tax implications are much more complex than what is described here, especially for high earners.
RetireEarlyMikeMay 2, 2026
I respectfully disagree with point number three. The data from Vanguard research actually shows the opposite conclusion.
DebtFreeJenAug 23, 2026
Shared this with my spouse and we are finally on the same page about our financial goals. Thank you!
OptimizeEverythingJun 6, 2026
This is exactly what I needed to hear. We just started our FI journey last month and this breaks it down perfectly.
DebtFreeJenMay 22, 2026
The math checks out but I think you are being a bit conservative with the return assumptions. Historical averages suggest higher.
PassiveIncomeProOct 8, 2025
Shared this with my spouse and we are finally on the same page about our financial goals. Thank you!
GeoArbitrageGalJan 24, 2026
Can you do a follow-up article about how this applies to people with variable income? Like freelancers and consultants?
PassiveIncomeProNov 20, 2025
Bookmarked this. Going to revisit after I finish paying off my student loans and can start investing more aggressively.
RetireEarlyMikeFeb 25, 2026
Can you do a follow-up article about how this applies to people with variable income? Like freelancers and consultants?
DividendDaveJan 7, 2026
Shared this with my spouse and we are finally on the same page about our financial goals. Thank you!
OptimizeEverythingJul 29, 2026
Shared this with my spouse and we are finally on the same page about our financial goals. Thank you!
BudgetNinjaMar 4, 2026
My financial advisor recommended the exact same approach. Nice to see it validated with actual numbers.