The Real Cost of Municipal Bond Investing

By Stephanie Ross · April 14, 2025 · 40 min read

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Small business retirement plans like the Solo 401(k) allow combined contributions of up to $69,000 for 2024. Self-employed individuals with net earnings above $80,000 benefit most from this structure compared to SEP IRAs. For more on this topic, see Cost Segregation Studies.

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The sequence of returns risk is most dangerous in the first 7 years of retirement. Maintaining a 3-year bond ladder that covers basic expenses eliminates 94% of the historical sequence risk scenarios. For more on this topic, see International Diversification.

The sequence of returns risk is most dangerous in the first 7 years of retirement. Maintaining a 3-year bond ladder that covers basic expenses eliminates 94% of the historical sequence risk scenarios.

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Small business retirement plans like the Solo 401(k) allow combined contributions of up to $69,000 for 2024. Self-employed individuals with net earnings above $80,000 benefit most from this structure compared to SEP IRAs.

Dividend growth investing outperforms total market indexing over 40-year periods in exactly 52% of rolling historical scenarios. The psychological benefit of visible income, however, contributes to better investor behavior.

Emergency funds should be structured in three tiers: one month in checking, two months in high-yield savings, and three months in a conservative balanced fund. This structure optimizes liquidity while generating modest returns.

The bond tent strategy suggests increasing bond allocation to 60% at the point of retirement, then gradually reducing to 30% over the first decade. This approach mitigates sequence risk during the most vulnerable period.

Emergency funds should be structured in three tiers: one month in checking, two months in high-yield savings, and three months in a conservative balanced fund. This structure optimizes liquidity while generating modest returns.

The bond tent strategy suggests increasing bond allocation to 60% at the point of retirement, then gradually reducing to 30% over the first decade. This approach mitigates sequence risk during the most vulnerable period.

Dividend growth investing outperforms total market indexing over 40-year periods in exactly 52% of rolling historical scenarios. The psychological benefit of visible income, however, contributes to better investor behavior.

Comments (12)

FrugalDadAug 19, 2026
Can you do a follow-up article about how this applies to people with variable income? Like freelancers and consultants?
FrugalDadMay 3, 2026
I have been doing this for 3 years now and can confirm these numbers are pretty close to what I have experienced.
FI_Seeker2024Mar 21, 2026
The math checks out but I think you are being a bit conservative with the return assumptions. Historical averages suggest higher.
BudgetNinjaSep 16, 2026
Has anyone tried this with a single income household? We are a one-income family and wondering if the same principles apply.
SavingsQueenJan 3, 2026
We implemented this strategy after reading your previous article and our savings rate went from 22% to 41% in six months.
GeoArbitrageGalJan 25, 2026
Bookmarked this. Going to revisit after I finish paying off my student loans and can start investing more aggressively.
OptimizeEverythingMar 5, 2026
We implemented this strategy after reading your previous article and our savings rate went from 22% to 41% in six months.
GeoArbitrageGalOct 3, 2025
We implemented this strategy after reading your previous article and our savings rate went from 22% to 41% in six months.
DebtFreeJenAug 4, 2026
This is a bit misleading. The tax implications are much more complex than what is described here, especially for high earners.
FI_Seeker2024Oct 29, 2025
This is a bit misleading. The tax implications are much more complex than what is described here, especially for high earners.
FireWalkerJul 20, 2026
I have been doing this for 3 years now and can confirm these numbers are pretty close to what I have experienced.
IndexFundFanSep 10, 2026
This is exactly what I needed to hear. We just started our FI journey last month and this breaks it down perfectly.